Metadata-Version: 2.2
Name: flare-capa
Version: 9.1.0
Summary: The FLARE team's open-source tool to identify capabilities in executable files.
Author-email: Willi Ballenthin <william.ballenthin@mandiant.com>, Moritz Raabe <moritz.raabe@mandiant.com>, Mike Hunhoff <michael.hunhoff@mandiant.com>
License: 
                                         Apache License
                                   Version 2.0, January 2004
                                http://www.apache.org/licenses/
        
           TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
        
           1. Definitions.
        
              "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
              and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
        
              "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
              the copyright owner that is granting the License.
        
              "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
              other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
              control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
              "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
              direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
              otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
              outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
        
              "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
              exercising permissions granted by this License.
        
              "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
              including but not limited to software source code, documentation
              source, and configuration files.
        
              "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
              transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
              not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
              and conversions to other media types.
        
              "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
              Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
              copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
              (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
        
              "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
              form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
              editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
              represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
              of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
              separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
              the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
        
              "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
              the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
              to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
              submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
              or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
              the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
              means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
              to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
              communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
              and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
              Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
              excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
              designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
        
              "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
              on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
              subsequently incorporated within the Work.
        
           2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
              this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
              worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
              copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
              publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
              Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
        
           3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
              this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
              worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
              (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
              use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
              where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
              by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
              Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
              with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
              institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
              cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
              or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
              or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
              granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
              as of the date such litigation is filed.
        
           4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
              Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
              modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
              meet the following conditions:
        
              (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
                  Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
        
              (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
                  stating that You changed the files; and
        
              (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
                  that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
                  attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
                  excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
                  the Derivative Works; and
        
              (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
                  distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
                  include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
                  within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
                  pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
                  of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
                  as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
                  documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
                  within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
                  wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
                  of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
                  do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
                  notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
                  or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
                  that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
                  as modifying the License.
        
              You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
              may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
              for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
              for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
              reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
              the conditions stated in this License.
        
           5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
              any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
              by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
              this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
              Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
              the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
              with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
        
           6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
              names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
              except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
              origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
        
           7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
              agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
              Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
              WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
              implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
              of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
              PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
              appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
              risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
        
           8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
              whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
              unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
              negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
              liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
              incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
              result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
              Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
              work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
              other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
              has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
        
           9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
              the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
              and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
              or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
              License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
              on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
              of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
              defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
              incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
              of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
        
           END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
        
           APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
        
              To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
              boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
              replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
              the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
              comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
              file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
              same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
              identification within third-party archives.
        
           Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
        
           Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
           you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
           You may obtain a copy of the License at
        
               http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
        
           Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
           distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
           WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
           See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
           limitations under the License.
        
Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/mandiant/capa
Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/mandiant/capa.git
Project-URL: Documentation, https://github.com/mandiant/capa/tree/master/doc
Project-URL: Rules, https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules
Project-URL: Rules Documentation, https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules/tree/master/doc
Keywords: malware analysis,reverse engineering,capability detection,software behaviors,capa,FLARE
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Information Technology
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
Classifier: Natural Language :: English
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Topic :: Security
Requires-Python: >=3.10
Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
License-File: LICENSE.txt
Requires-Dist: pyyaml>=6
Requires-Dist: colorama>=0.4
Requires-Dist: ida-settings>=2
Requires-Dist: ruamel.yaml>=0.18
Requires-Dist: pefile>=2023.2.7
Requires-Dist: pyelftools>=0.31
Requires-Dist: pydantic>=2
Requires-Dist: rich>=13
Requires-Dist: humanize>=4
Requires-Dist: protobuf>=5
Requires-Dist: msgspec>=0.18.6
Requires-Dist: xmltodict>=0.13.0
Requires-Dist: viv-utils[flirt]>=0.7.9
Requires-Dist: vivisect>=1.1.1
Requires-Dist: dncil>=1.0.2
Requires-Dist: networkx>=3
Requires-Dist: dnfile>=0.15.0
Provides-Extra: dev
Requires-Dist: pre-commit==4.1.0; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: pytest==8.0.0; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: pytest-sugar==1.0.0; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: pytest-instafail==0.5.0; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: flake8==7.1.1; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: flake8-bugbear==24.12.12; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: flake8-encodings==0.5.1; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: flake8-comprehensions==3.16.0; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: flake8-logging-format==0.9.0; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: flake8-no-implicit-concat==0.3.5; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: flake8-print==5.0.0; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: flake8-todos==0.3.1; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: flake8-simplify==0.21.0; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: flake8-use-pathlib==0.3.0; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: flake8-copyright==0.2.4; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: ruff==0.9.2; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: black==25.1.0; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: isort==6.0.0; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: mypy==1.15.0; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: mypy-protobuf==3.6.0; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: PyGithub==2.6.0; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: types-backports==0.1.3; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: types-colorama==0.4.15.11; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: types-PyYAML==6.0.8; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: types-psutil==6.1.0.20241102; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: types_requests==2.32.0.20240712; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: types-protobuf==5.29.1.20241207; extra == "dev"
Requires-Dist: deptry==0.23.0; extra == "dev"
Provides-Extra: build
Requires-Dist: pyinstaller==6.12.0; extra == "build"
Requires-Dist: setuptools==75.8.0; extra == "build"
Requires-Dist: build==1.2.2; extra == "build"
Provides-Extra: scripts
Requires-Dist: jschema_to_python==1.2.3; extra == "scripts"
Requires-Dist: psutil==7.0.0; extra == "scripts"
Requires-Dist: stix2==3.0.1; extra == "scripts"
Requires-Dist: sarif_om==1.0.4; extra == "scripts"
Requires-Dist: requests==2.32.3; extra == "scripts"

<br />
<div align="center">
<a href="https://mandiant.github.io/capa/" target="_blank">
  <img src="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/.github/logo.png">
</a>
<p align="center">
  <a href="https://mandiant.github.io/capa/" target="_blank">Website</a>
  |
  <a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/releases/latest" target="_blank">Download</a>
  |
  <a href="https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/" target="_blank">Web Interface</a>
</p>
<div align="center">

[![PyPI - Python Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/flare-capa)](https://pypi.org/project/flare-capa)
[![Last release](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/mandiant/capa)](https://github.com/mandiant/capa/releases)
[![Number of rules](https://gist.githubusercontent.com/capa-bot/6d7960e911f48b3b74916df8988cf0f3/raw/rules_badge.svg)](https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules)
[![CI status](https://github.com/mandiant/capa/workflows/CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/mandiant/capa/actions?query=workflow%3ACI+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster)
[![Downloads](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/mandiant/capa/total)](https://github.com/mandiant/capa/releases)
[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Apache--2.0-green.svg)](LICENSE.txt)

</div>
</div>

---

capa detects capabilities in executable files.
You run it against a PE, ELF, .NET module, shellcode file, or a sandbox report and it tells you what it thinks the program can do.
For example, it might suggest that the file is a backdoor, is capable of installing services, or relies on HTTP to communicate.

To interactively inspect capa results in your browser use the [capa Explorer Web](https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/).

If you want to inspect or write capa rules, head on over to the [capa-rules repository](https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules). Otherwise, keep reading.

Below you find a list of [our capa blog posts with more details.](#blog-posts)

# example capa output
```
$ capa.exe suspicious.exe

+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ATT&CK Tactic      | ATT&CK Technique                                                       |
|--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| DEFENSE EVASION    | Obfuscated Files or Information [T1027]                                |
| DISCOVERY          | Query Registry [T1012]                                                 |
|                    | System Information Discovery [T1082]                                   |
| EXECUTION          | Command and Scripting Interpreter::Windows Command Shell [T1059.003]   |
|                    | Shared Modules [T1129]                                                 |
| EXFILTRATION       | Exfiltration Over C2 Channel [T1041]                                   |
| PERSISTENCE        | Create or Modify System Process::Windows Service [T1543.003]           |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

+-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| CAPABILITY                                | NAMESPACE                                       |
|-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------|
| read and send data from client to server  | c2/file-transfer                               |
| execute shell command and capture output  | c2/shell                                       |
| receive data (2 matches)                  | communication                                   |
| send data (6 matches)                     | communication                                   |
| connect to HTTP server (3 matches)        | communication/http/client                       |
| send HTTP request (3 matches)             | communication/http/client                       |
| create pipe                               | communication/named-pipe/create                 |
| get socket status (2 matches)             | communication/socket                            |
| receive data on socket (2 matches)        | communication/socket/receive                    |
| send data on socket (3 matches)           | communication/socket/send                       |
| connect TCP socket                        | communication/socket/tcp                        |
| encode data using Base64                  | data-manipulation/encoding/base64               |
| encode data using XOR (6 matches)         | data-manipulation/encoding/xor                  |
| run as a service                          | executable/pe                                   |
| get common file path (3 matches)          | host-interaction/file-system                    |
| read file                                 | host-interaction/file-system/read               |
| write file (2 matches)                    | host-interaction/file-system/write              |
| print debug messages (2 matches)          | host-interaction/log/debug/write-event          |
| resolve DNS                               | host-interaction/network/dns/resolve            |
| get hostname                              | host-interaction/os/hostname                    |
| create process                            | host-interaction/process/create                 |
| create registry key                       | host-interaction/registry/create                |
| create service                            | host-interaction/service/create                 |
| create thread                             | host-interaction/thread/create                  |
| persist via Windows service               | persistence/service                             |
+-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
```

# download and usage

Download stable releases of the standalone capa binaries [here](https://github.com/mandiant/capa/releases). You can run the standalone binaries without installation. capa is a command line tool that should be run from the terminal.

To use capa as a library or integrate with another tool, see [doc/installation.md](https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/installation.md) for further setup instructions.

# capa Explorer Web
The [capa Explorer Web](https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/) enables you to interactively explore capa results in your web browser. Besides the online version you can download a standalone HTML file for local offline usage.

![capa Explorer Web screenshot](https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/img/capa_web_explorer.png)

More details on the web UI is available in the [capa Explorer Web README](https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/web/explorer/README.md).

# example

In the above sample output, we run capa against an unknown binary (`suspicious.exe`),
and the tool reports that the program can send HTTP requests, decode data via XOR and Base64,
install services, and spawn new processes.
Taken together, this makes us think that `suspicious.exe` could be a persistent backdoor.
Therefore, our next analysis step might be to run `suspicious.exe` in a sandbox and try to recover the command and control server.

## detailed results

By passing the `-vv` flag (for very verbose), capa reports exactly where it found evidence of these capabilities.
This is useful for at least two reasons:

  - it helps explain why we should trust the results, and enables us to verify the conclusions, and
  - it shows where within the binary an experienced analyst might study with IDA Pro

```
$ capa.exe suspicious.exe -vv
...
execute shell command and capture output
namespace   c2/shell
author      matthew.williams@mandiant.com
scope       function
att&ck      Execution::Command and Scripting Interpreter::Windows Command Shell [T1059.003]
references  https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/processthreadsapi/ns-processthreadsapi-startupinfoa
function @ 0x4011C0
  and:
    match: create a process with modified I/O handles and window @ 0x4011C0
      and:
        number: 257 = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES | STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW @ 0x4012B8
        or:
          number: 68 = StartupInfo.cb (size) @ 0x401282
        or: = API functions that accept a pointer to a STARTUPINFO structure
          api: kernel32.CreateProcess @ 0x401343
    match: create pipe @ 0x4011C0
      or:
        api: kernel32.CreatePipe @ 0x40126F, 0x401280
    optional:
      match: create thread @ 0x40136A, 0x4013BA
        or:
          and:
            os: windows
            or:
              api: kernel32.CreateThread @ 0x4013D7
        or:
          and:
            os: windows
            or:
              api: kernel32.CreateThread @ 0x401395
    or:
      string: "cmd.exe" @ 0x4012FD
...
```

capa also supports dynamic capabilities detection for multiple sandboxes including:
* [CAPE](https://github.com/kevoreilly/CAPEv2) (supported report formats: `.json`, `.json_`, `.json.gz`)
* [DRAKVUF](https://github.com/CERT-Polska/drakvuf-sandbox/) (supported report formats: `.log`, `.log.gz`)
* [VMRay](https://www.vmray.com/) (supported report formats: analysis archive `.zip`)


To use this feature, submit your file to a supported sandbox and then download and run capa against the generated report file. This feature enables capa to match capabilities against dynamic and static features that the sandbox captured during execution.

Here's an example of running capa against a packed file, and then running capa against the CAPE report generated for the same packed file:

```yaml
$ capa 05be49819139a3fdcdbddbdefd298398779521f3d68daa25275cc77508e42310.exe
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: This sample appears to be packed.
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: 
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Packed samples have often been obfuscated to hide their logic.
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: capa cannot handle obfuscation well using static analysis. This means the results may be misleading or incomplete.
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: If possible, you should try to unpack this input file before analyzing it with capa.
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Alternatively, run the sample in a supported sandbox and invoke capa against the report to obtain dynamic analysis results.
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: 
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Identified via rule: (internal) packer file limitation
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: 
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Use -v or -vv if you really want to see the capabilities identified by capa.
WARNING:capa.capabilities.common:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

$ capa 05be49819139a3fdcdbddbdefd298398779521f3d68daa25275cc77508e42310.json

┍━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┑
│ ATT&CK Tactic          │ ATT&CK Technique                                                                   │
┝━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┿━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┥
│ CREDENTIAL ACCESS      │ Credentials from Password Stores T1555                                             │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ DEFENSE EVASION        │ File and Directory Permissions Modification T1222                                  │
│                        │ Modify Registry T1112                                                              │
│                        │ Obfuscated Files or Information T1027                                              │
│                        │ Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion::User Activity Based Checks T1497.002               │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ DISCOVERY              │ Account Discovery T1087                                                            │
│                        │ Application Window Discovery T1010                                                 │
│                        │ File and Directory Discovery T1083                                                 │
│                        │ Query Registry T1012                                                               │
│                        │ System Information Discovery T1082                                                 │
│                        │ System Location Discovery::System Language Discovery T1614.001                     │
│                        │ System Owner/User Discovery T1033                                                  │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ EXECUTION              │ System Services::Service Execution T1569.002                                       │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ PERSISTENCE            │ Boot or Logon Autostart Execution::Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder T1547.001    │
│                        │ Boot or Logon Autostart Execution::Winlogon Helper DLL T1547.004                   │
│                        │ Create or Modify System Process::Windows Service T1543.003                         │
┕━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┙

┍━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┑
│ Capability                                           │ Namespace                                            │
┝━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┿━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┥
│ check for unmoving mouse cursor (3 matches)          │ anti-analysis/anti-vm/vm-detection                   │
│ gather bitkinex information                          │ collection/file-managers                             │
│ gather classicftp information                        │ collection/file-managers                             │
│ gather filezilla information                         │ collection/file-managers                             │
│ gather total-commander information                   │ collection/file-managers                             │
│ gather ultrafxp information                          │ collection/file-managers                             │
│ resolve DNS (23 matches)                             │ communication/dns                                    │
│ initialize Winsock library (7 matches)               │ communication/socket                                 │
│ act as TCP client (3 matches)                        │ communication/tcp/client                             │
│ create new key via CryptAcquireContext               │ data-manipulation/encryption                         │
│ encrypt or decrypt via WinCrypt                      │ data-manipulation/encryption                         │
│ hash data via WinCrypt                               │ data-manipulation/hashing                            │
│ initialize hashing via WinCrypt                      │ data-manipulation/hashing                            │
│ hash data with MD5                                   │ data-manipulation/hashing/md5                        │
│ generate random numbers via WinAPI                   │ data-manipulation/prng                               │
│ extract resource via kernel32 functions (2 matches)  │ executable/resource                                  │
│ interact with driver via control codes (2 matches)   │ host-interaction/driver                              │
│ get Program Files directory (18 matches)             │ host-interaction/file-system                         │
│ get common file path (575 matches)                   │ host-interaction/file-system                         │
│ create directory (2 matches)                         │ host-interaction/file-system/create                  │
│ delete file                                          │ host-interaction/file-system/delete                  │
│ get file attributes (122 matches)                    │ host-interaction/file-system/meta                    │
│ set file attributes (8 matches)                      │ host-interaction/file-system/meta                    │
│ move file                                            │ host-interaction/file-system/move                    │
│ find taskbar (3 matches)                             │ host-interaction/gui/taskbar/find                    │
│ get keyboard layout (12 matches)                     │ host-interaction/hardware/keyboard                   │
│ get disk size                                        │ host-interaction/hardware/storage                    │
│ get hostname (4 matches)                             │ host-interaction/os/hostname                         │
│ allocate or change RWX memory (3 matches)            │ host-interaction/process/inject                      │
│ query or enumerate registry key (3 matches)          │ host-interaction/registry                            │
│ query or enumerate registry value (8 matches)        │ host-interaction/registry                            │
│ delete registry key                                  │ host-interaction/registry/delete                     │
│ start service                                        │ host-interaction/service/start                       │
│ get session user name                                │ host-interaction/session                             │
│ persist via Run registry key                         │ persistence/registry/run                             │
│ persist via Winlogon Helper DLL registry key         │ persistence/registry/winlogon-helper                 │
│ persist via Windows service (2 matches)              │ persistence/service                                  │
┕━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┙
```

# capa rules
capa uses a collection of rules to identify capabilities within a program.
These rules are easy to write, even for those new to reverse engineering.
By authoring rules, you can extend the capabilities that capa recognizes.
In some regards, capa rules are a mixture of the OpenIOC, Yara, and YAML formats.

Here's an example rule used by capa:

```yaml
rule:
  meta:
    name: create TCP socket
    namespace: communication/socket/tcp
    authors:
      - william.ballenthin@mandiant.com
      - joakim@intezer.com
      - anushka.virgaonkar@mandiant.com
    scopes:
      static: basic block
      dynamic: call
    mbc:
      - Communication::Socket Communication::Create TCP Socket [C0001.011]
    examples:
      - Practical Malware Analysis Lab 01-01.dll_:0x10001010
  features:
    - or:
      - and:
        - number: 6 = IPPROTO_TCP
        - number: 1 = SOCK_STREAM
        - number: 2 = AF_INET
        - or:
          - api: ws2_32.socket
          - api: ws2_32.WSASocket
          - api: socket
      - property/read: System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient::Client
```

The [github.com/mandiant/capa-rules](https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules) repository contains hundreds of standard rules that are distributed with capa.
Please learn to write rules and contribute new entries as you find interesting techniques in malware.

# IDA Pro plugin: capa explorer
If you use IDA Pro, then you can use the [capa explorer](https://github.com/mandiant/capa/tree/master/capa/ida/plugin) plugin.
capa explorer helps you identify interesting areas of a program and build new capa rules using features extracted directly from your IDA Pro database.
It also uses your local changes to the .idb to extract better features, such as when you rename a global variable that contains a dynamically resolved API address.

![capa + IDA Pro integration](https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/img/explorer_expanded.png)

# Ghidra integration
If you use Ghidra, then you can use the [capa + Ghidra integration](/capa/ghidra/) to run capa's analysis directly on your Ghidra database and render the results in Ghidra's user interface.

<img src="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/assets/66766340/eeae33f4-99d4-42dc-a5e8-4c1b8c661492" width=300>

# blog posts
- [Dynamic capa: Exploring Executable Run-Time Behavior with the CAPE Sandbox](https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/dynamic-capa-executable-behavior-cape-sandbox)
- [capa v4: casting a wider .NET](https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/capa-v4-casting-wider-net) (.NET support)
- [ELFant in the Room – capa v3](https://www.mandiant.com/resources/elfant-in-the-room-capa-v3) (ELF support)
- [capa 2.0: Better, Stronger, Faster](https://www.mandiant.com/resources/capa-2-better-stronger-faster)
- [capa: Automatically Identify Malware Capabilities](https://www.mandiant.com/resources/capa-automatically-identify-malware-capabilities)

# further information
## capa
- [Installation](https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/installation.md)
- [Usage](https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/usage.md)
- [Limitations](https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/limitations.md)
- [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)

## capa rules
- [capa-rules repository](https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules)
- [capa-rules rule format](https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules/blob/master/doc/format.md)

## capa testfiles
The [capa-testfiles repository](https://github.com/mandiant/capa-testfiles) contains the data we use to test capa's code and rules
